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CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI MAHARAJ PART – 1 EARLY LIFE • Shivaji was born on april 1627 or 19 february 1630 in the hill-fort of Shivneri, near the city of Junnar in what is now Pune district. Shivaji’s father Shahaji Bhonsle was a Maratha general who served the Deccan Sultanates. His mother was Jijabai. • At the time of Shivaji’s birth, power in Deccan was shared by three Islamic sultanates: Bijapur, Ahmednagar, and Golkonda.

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• Shivaji was devoted to his mother Jijabai, who was deeply religious. His studies of the Hindu epics, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, also influenced his lifelong defence of Hindu values. Hivaji was deeply interested in religious teachings, and regularly sought the company of Hindu and Sufi saints. • He moved Shivaji and Jijabai from Shivneri to Pune and left them in the care of his jagir administrator, Dadoji Konddeo. Dadoji has been credited with overseeing the education and training of young Shivaji THE BEGINNING • Many of Shivaji’s comrades, and later a number of his soldiers, came from the Maval region, including Yesaji Kank, Suryaji Kakade, Baji Pasalkar, Baji Prabhu Deshpande and Tanaji Malusare. • Shivaji traveled the hills and forests of the Sahyadri range with his Maval friends, gaining skills and familiarity with the land that would prove useful in his military career. • He married Saibai from the prominent Nimbalkar family in 1640.Around 1645, the teenage Shivaji first expressed his concept for Hindavi Swarajya (Indian self-rule), in a letter.

YOUNG WARRIOR • In 1645, the 15-year-old Shivaji bribed or persuaded Inayat Khan, the Bijapuri commander of the Torna Fort, to hand over possession of the fort to him. • The Maratha Firangoji Narsala, who held the Chakan fort, professed his loyalty to Shivaji, and the fort of Kondana was acquired by bribing the Bijapuri governor. • On 25 July 1648, Shahaji was imprisoned by Baji Ghorpade under the orders of Bijapuri ruler Mohammed Adilshah, in a bid to contain Shivaji. Final destination 4 full free.

• According to Sarkar, Shahaji was released in 1649.During these developments, from 1649–1655 Shivaji paused in his conquests and quietly consolidated his gains. CONQUESTS • After his release, Shahaji retired from public life, and died around 1664–1665 in a hunting accident. Following his father’s release, Shivaji resumed raiding, and, a fellow Maratha in 1656, under controversial circumstances, killed Chandrarao More and seized from him the valley of Javali.

• Adilshah was displeased at his losses to Shivaji’s forces, Having ended his conflict with the Mughals and having a greater ability to respond, in 1657 Adilshah sent Afzal Khan, a veteran general, to arrest Shivaji. • Pursued by Bijapuri forces, Shivaji retreated to Pratapgad fort, where many of his colleagues pressed him to surrender. After two months, Afzal Khan sent an envoy to Shivaji suggesting the two leaders meet in private outside the fort to parley. CONQUESTS(KILLING AFZAL KHAN) • The two met in a hut at the foothills of Pratapgad fort on 10 November 1659.

The arrangements had dictated that each come armed only with a sword, and attended by one follower. Shivaji, either suspecting Afzal Khan would arrest or attack him wore armour beneath his clothes, concealed a bagh nakh (metal “tiger claw”) on his left arm, and had a dagger in his right hand. • In the fight, Afzal Khan’s dagger was stopped by Shivaji’s armour, and Shivaji’s weapons inflicted mortal wounds on the general; Shivaji then fired a cannon to signal his hidden troops to attack the Bijapuri army. In the ensuing Battle of Pratapgarh fought on 10 November 1659, Shivaji’s forces decisively defeated the Bijapur Sultanate’s forces.

More than 3,000 soldiers of the Bijapur army were killed. The captured enemy, both officers and men, were set free and sent back to their homes with money, food and other gifts. Marathas were rewarded accordingly CONQUESTS • Having defeated the Bijapuri forces sent against him, Shivaji’s army marched towards the Konkan and Kolhapur, seizing Panhala fort, and defeating Bijapuri forces in 1659. • He also plundered the English factory at Rajapur and capturing four of the factors, imprisoning them until mid-1663. • In 1660, the Maratha aristocrat Shivaji was trapped in the fort of Panhala, under siege and vastly outnumbered by an Adilshahi army led by Siddi Masud.