This second edition of the successful textbook, Modern Physics: An Introductory Text, preserves the unique blend of readability, scientific rigour and authenticity that made its predecessor so indispensible a text for non-physics science majors. Cara mengubah file exe menjadi pdf.

• • • Mass is both a of a and a of its to (a change in its state of ) when a is applied. The object's mass also determines the of its attraction to other bodies. The basic of mass is the (kg).

In, mass is not the same as, even though mass is often determined by measuring the object's weight using a, rather than comparing it directly with known masses. An object on the Moon would weigh less than it does on Earth because of the lower gravity, but it would still have the same mass. This is because weight is a force, while mass is the property that (along with gravity) determines the strength of this force. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Phenomena There are several distinct phenomena which can be used to measure mass. Although some theorists have speculated that some of these phenomena could be independent of each other, current experiments have found no difference in results regardless of how it is measured: • Inertial mass measures an object's resistance to being accelerated by a force (represented by the relationship F = ma). • Active gravitational mass measures the gravitational force exerted by an object.

• Passive gravitational mass measures the gravitational force exerted on an object in a known gravitational field. The mass of an object determines its acceleration in the presence of an applied force. The inertia and the inertial mass describe the same properties of physical bodies at the qualitative and quantitative level respectively, by other words, the mass quantitatively describes the inertia. According to, if a body of fixed mass m is subjected to a single force F, its acceleration a is given by F/ m. A body's mass also determines the degree to which it generates or is affected by a. If a first body of mass m A is placed at a distance r (center of mass to center of mass) from a second body of mass m B, each body is subject to an attractive force F g = Gm A m B/ r 2, where G = 000000000♠6.67 ×10 −11 N kg −2 m 2 is the 'universal '. This is sometimes referred to as gravitational mass.

Repeated experiments since the 17th century have demonstrated that inertial and gravitational mass are identical; since 1915, this observation has been entailed in the of. Units of mass.

The kilogram is one of the seven and one of three which is defined ad hoc (i.e. Without reference to another base unit). The standard (SI) unit of mass is the (kg). The kilogram is 1000 grams (g), first defined in 1795 as one cubic decimeter of water at the of ice.

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However, because precise measurement of a decimeter of water at the proper temperature and pressure was difficult, in 1889 the kilogram was redefined as the mass of the of cast iron, and thus became independent of the meter and the properties of water. However, the mass of the international prototype and its supposedly identical national copies have been found to be drifting over time. It is expected that the will occur on May 20, 2019, following a final vote by the in November 2018.

The new definition will use only invariant quantities of nature: the, the, and the. Other units are accepted for use in SI: • the (t) (or 'metric ton') is equal to 1000 kg. • the (eV) is a unit of, but because of the it can easily be converted to a unit of mass, and is often used like one. In this context, the mass has units of eV/ c 2 (where c is the speed of light). The electronvolt and its multiples, such as the MeV (megaelectronvolt), are commonly used in. • the (u) is 1/12 of the mass of a atom, approximately 000000000♠1.66 ×10 −27 kg.